Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research

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2014 | July-September | Volume 48 | Issue 3

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EDITORIAL

The Negative Effects of Wearing High-heels: What We should All Know?

[Year:2014] [Month:July-September] [Volume:48] [Number:3] [Pages:1] [Pages No:0 - 0]

   DOI: 10.5005/jpmer-48-3-iv  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Manoj Mathew, Harinder Gakhar

A Technique for Closed Interlocking Nailing of Midshaft Tibial Fractures without Image Intensification

[Year:2014] [Month:July-September] [Volume:48] [Number:3] [Pages:6] [Pages No:111 - 116]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1114  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Objective

In this study, we evaluated the reliability, reproducibility and final outcome of our techniques for performing image independent tibial interlocking nailing.

Design

Prospective.

Setting

Tertiary teaching hospital (level I trauma center).

Patients/participants

A total of 29 patients were selected for the study (21 males and 8 females patients).

Intervention

Locked tibial intramedullary nailings were performed in the selected subjects, using the standard AO interlocking nail (SynthesTM, Switzerland), utilizing our improvisations of the standard technique.

Main outcome measurements

The successful completion of the technique was the prime parameter evaluated. Total surgical time, time taken for placement of each distal bolt, fluoroscopy time (when used) and postoperative alignment and reduction were evaluated. The patients were followed at 4 weekly intervals.

Results

The average duration of the surgery was 78.6 minutes. The mean distal locking time was 16.2 ± 1.4 minutes. Fluoroscopy had to be used in three cases, when the distal locking by the ‘nail-over-nail’ technique failed. In one case, the intra-medullary position of the guidewire had to be verified. Thus, 26 out of 30 (86.7%) cases were performed without any imaging assistance. In two cases, the fracture site had to be opened after difficulties were encountered in achieving closed reduction. Thus, 24 out of 30 procedures (80%) were successfully completed by our technique. The fractures were followed to union and the long-term results were comparable to the results of tibial fracture operated by image assistance.

Conclusion

The technique described here can come handy in situations of image intensifier failure. Routine use of part of the steps can assist in reducing radiation exposure during interlocking nailings.

How to cite this article

Mathew M, Dhillon MS, Gakhar H. A Technique for Closed Interlocking Nailing of Midshaft Tibial Fractures without Image Intensification. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):111-116.

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Anil Bhansali, Pragya Pathak, Lata Mandal, Priya Nair, Narinder Kaur

Awareness among Patients with T2DM regarding the Disease at a Tertiary Care Referral Center

[Year:2014] [Month:July-September] [Volume:48] [Number:3] [Pages:6] [Pages No:117 - 122]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1115  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Objective

To assess the knowledge of patients with T2DM regarding their disease at a tertiary care referral centre.

Patients and methods

Using purposive sampling technique, a total of 200 patients of diabetes were enrolled. The pretested questionnaire consisting of 40 items with maximum score of 40 was administered to the participants after appropriate validation. Information was obtained regarding the demographic variables, presenting symptoms of diabetes, and awareness of the subjects regarding their disease. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.

Results and conclusion

Mean age of the subjects was 54.2 ± 1.2 years with the range of 16 to 80 years. More than half (52.5%) were women and 54.5% were in the age group of 41 to 60 years, and 50.5% belonged to urban locality. Majority were married (96.5%). Polyuria was the presenting symptoms in 43.5% of patients. The mean knowledge score was 26.0 ± 8.9 out of 40 (maximum attainable score) with the range of 3 to 39. More than half (63%) of the patients achieved good (≥60%) and above category of knowledge score. The patients with higher education status, male, and with positive family history of diabetes had significantly more knowledge score (r = 0.3, – 0.2, – 0.2, p < 0.01 for all).

Conclusion

In the present study, almost two third of the patients with T2DM had good knowledge about the disease; however, more efforts are required to further improve the knowledge among them.

How to cite this article

Kaur S, Mandal L, Nair P, Kaur N, Pathak P, Bhansali A. Awareness among Patients with T2DM regarding the Disease at a Tertiary Care Referral Center. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):117-122.

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Suchet Sachdev, Karobi Das, Geetanjali , Baljeet Kaur, Charan Inder Singh, Daiamonlang Nongbri

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Blood Donors toward Blood Donation

[Year:2014] [Month:July-September] [Volume:48] [Number:3] [Pages:5] [Pages No:123 - 127]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1116  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim

To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of blood donors toward blood donation and to find out association of knowledge and attitude with selected demographic variables.

Materials and methods

A total of sixty (60) subjects were selected using purposive sampling technique. The knowledge, attitude, and expressed practice questionnaire, was devised and construct and content validated before usage. The study was conducted at the Department of Transfusion Medicine of a tertiary level Institute from northern India during the year 2011-2012. Paper and pencil technique was used to collect the data.

Results

Analysis of data collected revealed that 23 (38.4%) of the participants had good knowledge, 21 (35%) had average knowledge, 12 (20%) had excellent knowledge and only few 04 (6.6%) had poor level of knowledge regarding blood donation. Mean of the knowledge score was 6.21 ± 2.3 and the mean percentage was 51.8%. Assessment of attitude revealed that majority of the participants had a strongly favorable attitude toward blood donation. Assessment of practices showed that majority 45 (75%) of the donors had donated blood for almost five times. Nearly half 28 (46.7%) of the donors donated blood only when they were asked for and more than half 32 (53.3%) of donors started donating blood when they were in age group of 21 to 30 years. Regarding reasons for blood donation, exactly half 30 (50%) of them donated due to altruism, and all the donors (100%) were willing to do so in future. The demographic variables like education and occupation were found to be associated with level of knowledge and attitude toward blood donation.

Conclusion

The findings of the study revealed that blood donors had good knowledge and a positive attitude toward blood donation but majority of individuals were not donating blood regularly as volunteers.

How to cite this article

Das K, Geetanjali, Sachdev S, Kaur B, Singh CI, Nongbri D. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Blood Donors toward Blood Donation. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):123-127.

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Shalmoli Bhattacharyya, Arup Kumar Mandal, Shrawan Kumar Singh

Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Urinary Calculi using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: A Preliminary Study

[Year:2014] [Month:July-September] [Volume:48] [Number:3] [Pages:4] [Pages No:128 - 131]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1117  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background

The etiology of primary and recurrent stone formation in the urinary tract remains obscure in spite of intensive research. The formation of renal calculi is a multifactorial disorder resulting from the combined influence of epidemiological, biochemical and genetic risk factors which disturb the lithogenous salt profile in the body.

Materials and methods

In the present study, 52 stone samples have been analyzed for their stone composition by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The samples were made in a potassium bromide pellet and analyzed to identify the stone components.

Results

Stone formation was more prevalent in males and the incidence increased with age. Majority of stones were oxalate and mixed stones. The components of mixed stones were identified by spectrum analysis.

Conclusion

Specific dietary factors can affect the urinary composition and supersaturation, which in turn, can affect the process of crystallization and stone formation. The same chemical components may crystallize in different forms during stone formation. Hence, proper analysis has to identify not only the molecular species present in the calculus, but also the crystalline form. So, quantitative evaluation of all components of the calculi is necessary for effective prevention or reduction of stone recurrences.

How to cite this article

Bhattacharyya S, Sharma G, Mandal AK, Singh SK. Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Urinary Calculi using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: A Preliminary Study. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):128-131.

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REVIEW ARTICLE

Sunil Dogra, Promila Pandhi, Sharonjeet Kaur, Sujit Rajagopalan, Anand Srinivasan

Drugs Implicated, Mortality and Use of Corticosteroids in Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Cases: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports and Case Series

[Year:2014] [Month:July-September] [Volume:48] [Number:3] [Pages:7] [Pages No:132 - 138]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1118  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare idiosyncratic mucocutaneous reaction associated with high mortality. Drugs are most commonly implicated in TEN. The treatment constitutes stopping the offending drug, along with symptomatic management. In this study, we searched for case reports/series of TEN and analyzed data to find the most commonly implicated drugs in TEN, effects of use of corticosteroids on mortality in TEN patients, changing trends in mortality over the past 3 decades and difference in mortality rates in both developing and developed countries.

Materials and methods

We searched for case reports/series of TEN to evaluate most commonly implicated drugs in TEN, effects of use of corticosteroids on mortality in TEN patients, changing trends in mortality over the past three decades and difference in mortality rates in both developing and developed countries.

Results

Antibiotics (28.6%) followed by antiepileptics (17.4%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (9.6%) are most commonly implicated. There was nonsignificant decrease in mortality among steroids users as compared to nonusers (OR = 2.0, CI 0.96-4.24). During the period between 1980 and 1989 the reported mortality in TEN cases was approximately 33.4%, which decreased to 27% in the next two decades. There was a nonsignificant difference in mortality in develo- ping countries as compared to developed countries (OR: 0.70, CI 0.32-1.53).

Conclusion

Corticosteroids have been associated with non significant reduction in the mortality. Apart from this, mortality did not differ over years together in both developing and developed countries.

How to cite this article

Kaur S, Rajagopalan S, Shafiq N, Dogra S, Srinivasan A, Pandhi P, Malhotra S. Drugs Implicated, Mortality and Use of Corticosteroids in Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Cases: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports and Case Series. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):132-138.

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REVIEW ARTICLE

Pediatric Dental Sedation Practice: Evolution and Current State-of-the-Art

[Year:2014] [Month:July-September] [Volume:48] [Number:3] [Pages:9] [Pages No:139 - 147]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1119  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

How to cite this article

Mittal N, Gauba K, Goyal A, Kapur A. Pediatric Dental Sedation Practice: Evolution and Current State-of-the-Art. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):139-147.

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CASE REPORT

Lohith Umapathi, Dinesh Bagaria, Vishal Attri, Lileswar Kaman

Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Rare Cause of Massive Upper GI Bleed managed with Segmental Resection of Duodenum

[Year:2014] [Month:July-September] [Volume:48] [Number:3] [Pages:3] [Pages No:148 - 150]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1120  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

How to cite this article

Umapathi L, Bagaria D, Attri V, Kaman L. Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Rare Cause of Massive Upper GI Bleed managed with Segmental Resection of Duodenum. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):148-150.

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CASE REPORT

Vinita Singh, Susanta Kumar Padhy, Manoj Kumar Sahoo, Harshita Biswas

Primary Vaginismus and Associated Phobia: Successful Treatment with Behavior Therapy

[Year:2014] [Month:July-September] [Volume:48] [Number:3] [Pages:3] [Pages No:151 - 153]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1121  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Objectives

To report two cases of primary vaginismus with associated phobia, successfully treated with behavior therapy.

Results

In our two reports, we describe the successful treatment of vaginismus with associated phobias using behavioral therapy. The behavioral approach involved psycho education, graded exposure, relaxation therapy and systematic desensitization.

Conclusion

The report demonstrates a successful approach toward managing vaginismus and associated phobias in a clinical setting.

How to cite this article

Sahoo MK, Biswas H, Singh V, Padhy SK. Primary Vaginismus and Associated Phobia: Successful Treatment with Behavior Therapy. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):151-153.

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CASE REPORT

Traumatic Basal Ganglia Hematoma

[Year:2014] [Month:July-September] [Volume:48] [Number:3] [Pages:3] [Pages No:154 - 156]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1122  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

How to cite this article

Agrawal A. Traumatic Basal Ganglia Hematoma. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):154-156.

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CASE REPORT

Subhash Varma, Pankaj Malhotra, Jasmina Ahluwalia, Aashima Arora, Rashmi Bagga, Akanksha Jangid

Von Willebrand Disease in Pregnancy

[Year:2014] [Month:July-September] [Volume:48] [Number:3] [Pages:2] [Pages No:157 - 158]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1123  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

How to cite this article

Bagga R, Jangid A, Gainder S, Malhotra P, Varma S, Ahluwalia J, Arora A. Von Willebrand Disease in Pregnancy. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):157-158.

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